An automotive lubricant, commonly known as motor oil, is a liquid used to reduce friction between the moving parts of a vehicle’s engine. Its main function is to protect the internal parts of the engine, helping them move smoothly without wear or damage. Additionally, the lubricant also helps cool the engine, clean impurities, and prevent corrosion. In summary, the lubricant is like a liquid "shield" that keeps the engine running efficiently and durably.
Multigrade: Maintain viscosity across a wide temperature range, protecting the engine during both cold starts and high temperatures. Examples: 0W30, 10W30, 15W40, 20W50.
Monograde: Have a single viscosity grade, ideal for seasonal temperature changes. Examples: SAE40, SAE50.
Hydraulic: Used in hydraulic systems to transfer energy while also providing lubrication, sealing, and contaminant removal functions. Examples: 32, 46, 68, 150.
Base oils are classified by the American Petroleum Institute (API) into 5 groups, depending on their origin and refining process:
